Contrary to popular belief, antibiotics cannot treat viral illnesses like colds or flu. In fact, using them improperly can lead to serious health risks, including antibiotic resistance.

Below is a concise guide to understanding the difference between viruses and bacteria, knowing when antibiotics are really needed, and simple self-care steps to help you recover safely.

What Causes Colds and Flu?

Colds and flu are caused by viruses - tiny organisms that can infect your nose, throat, and lungs. Common cold symptoms include sneezing, a runny or blocked nose, sore throat, and coughing, usually lasting 7–10 days (though coughs can continue for up to three weeks).

The flu tends to hit harder, with a high fever, fatigue, dry cough, chills, muscle aches, and general malaise.

Antibiotics Don’t Work on Viruses

Antibiotics target bacterial infections, such as strep throat or certain types of pneumonia. 

They work by:

• Interfering with essential bacterial processes

• Killing bacteria or stopping their growth

However, viruses have a completely different structure, so antibiotics have no effect on them. If you're otherwise healthy, your immune system will generally clear a viral infection on its own.

Possible Side Effects of Misusing Antibiotics

Taking antibiotics when they’re not needed can lead to:

• Diarrhoea

• Stomach upset

• Thrush

• Allergic reactions

Even more concerning is antibiotic resistance - when bacteria evolve and antibiotics no longer work. This makes future infections harder to treat and increases the risk of serious disease spread. The World Health Organisation lists it as a top global health threat.

When Are Antibiotics Needed?

Antibiotics are sometimes essential - especially in cases where:

• The infection has turned bacterial, such as in pneumonia

• The patient has underlying conditions (e.g. asthma, diabetes, immunocompromise) that raise the risk of complications

Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions if an antibiotic is prescribed - and ask whether you need to take it through to the end, as some guidelines now recommend shorter courses in certain cases.

Stay Healthy: Self-Care for Colds and Flu

Here’s what your body needs to recover best:

• Rest well and stay warm

• Drink plenty of fluids—water, clear broths or warm drinks

• Use steam inhalation to ease congestion (think shower steam or humidifiers)

• Blow your nose gently and dispose of tissues properly

• Try soothing remedies—like honey and lemon in warm water (not for children under 12 months)

• Wash hands frequently and avoid touching your face

• Clean surfaces and kids’ toys and dummies regularly

• Eat nutritious, balanced meals with plenty of fruits, veg, and whole grains

• Avoid sharing utensils

• Keep hands out of your mouth, nose, and eyes

Why Your Choice Matters

Requesting antibiotics for a cold or flu doesn’t help you - and could make them less effective when needed. Letting doctors and pharmacists guide their use helps protect your long-term health.

What Fresh Therapeutics Compounding Pharmacy Offers

At Fresh Therapeutics Compounding Pharmacy, we support safe and responsible antibiotic use by offering:

• Clear advice on when antibiotics are (and aren't) needed

• Education on the risks of misuse and resistance

• Guidance on comfort measures for viral illnesses

• Referrals to medical care when further assessment is necessary

If you're ever uncertain whether a medication is appropriate, come in for a chat. We’re here to help you stay well - naturally and smartly.